超聲波清洗機(jī)的秘密,超聲性能的驗(yàn)證
The secret of ultrasonic cleaning machine and the verification of ultrasonic performance
CSSD的設(shè)備，大多數(shù)都需要兩個(gè)方面的檢測(cè)。一個(gè)是設(shè)備本身性能的驗(yàn)證（PQ），另一方面是效果的監(jiān)測(cè)。全自動(dòng)清洗消毒機(jī)需要進(jìn)行性能驗(yàn)證（溫度時(shí)間測(cè)試）和清洗效果檢測(cè)（如ATP法、蛋白殘留測(cè)試等）【ISO 15883】，滅菌器需要進(jìn)行性能驗(yàn)證（溫度壓力測(cè)試）和滅菌效果監(jiān)測(cè)（如生物監(jiān)測(cè)）【W(wǎng)S 310】，封口機(jī)需要進(jìn)行性能驗(yàn)證和封口效果測(cè)試......類(lèi)似的，超聲波清洗機(jī)也可以進(jìn)行著兩個(gè)方面的檢測(cè)，這里只針對(duì)性能驗(yàn)證做一些介紹。
Most CSSD devices need two aspects of detection. One is the performance verification (PQ) of the equipment itself, and the other is the effect monitoring. Performance verification (temperature and time test) and cleaning effect test (such as ATP method, protein residue test, etc.) [ISO 15883] are required for automatic cleaning and disinfection machines, performance verification (temperature and pressure test) and sterilization effect monitoring (such as biological monitoring) [WS 310] are required for sterilizers, and performance verification and sealing effect test are required for sealing machines... Similarly, ultrasonic cleaning machines can also be tested in two aspects, Here we only introduce performance verification.
杰特全自動(dòng)超聲波清洗機(jī)
Jeter fully automatic ultrasonic cleaning machine
由于超聲清洗的原理是空化效應(yīng)，因此它的性能驗(yàn)證主要還是對(duì)空化效應(yīng)的驗(yàn)證，目的是看看清洗槽里面的聲場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度是否有盲區(qū)。方法很多，這里例舉幾個(gè)作為參考。
Since the principle of ultrasonic cleaning is cavitation effect, its performance verification is mainly to verify the cavitation effect to see whether there is a blind area in the intensity of the sound field in the cleaning tank. There are many methods. Here are some examples for reference.
（1）鋁箔腐蝕法
(1) Aluminum foil corrosion method
將20-30μm厚的鋁箔固定在一個(gè)支架上，垂直放入清洗槽內(nèi)，不接觸底部。開(kāi)機(jī)一段時(shí)間后取出，鋁箔表面不同地方被腐蝕的程度可以間接反映該深度的超聲強(qiáng)度是否均勻。如果要檢測(cè)水平方向上的超聲強(qiáng)度分布，可以將鋁箔水平放置。有廠(chǎng)家說(shuō)明書(shū)指出，若出現(xiàn)＞1平方英寸（6.45cm2）的空白位置則為冷點(diǎn)。
20-30 μ The m-thick aluminum foil is fixed on a bracket and placed vertically in the cleaning tank without touching the bottom. After being taken out after a period of time, the corrosion degree of different parts of the aluminum foil surface can indirectly reflect whether the ultrasonic intensity at this depth is uniform. If the ultrasonic strength distribution in the horizontal direction is to be detected, the aluminum foil can be placed horizontally. It is pointed out in the manufacturer's manual that if there is a blank position ＞ 1 square inch (6.45cm2), it is a cold spot.
該方法直觀、簡(jiǎn)單，但不能定量測(cè)試，誤差較大，裝載器械的條件下難以實(shí)現(xiàn)測(cè)試，可能跟堿性清洗劑產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)。有時(shí)候還會(huì)整塊脫落，所以要設(shè)置好超聲的時(shí)間。
This method is intuitive and simple, but it can not be tested quantitatively with large error. It is difficult to test under the condition of loading equipment, and may react with alkaline detergent. Sometimes the whole piece will fall off, so set the ultrasonic time.
（2）玻片洗除法
(2) Slide washing
每周使用HB鉛筆涂抹玻片，超聲清洗在3min內(nèi)洗掉則為合格，記錄結(jié)果（美國(guó)IAHCSMM再教育培訓(xùn)手冊(cè) 2006）。
Use HB pencil to smear the slide every week, and ultrasonic cleaning will be qualified if it is washed away within 3min. Record the results (American IAHCSMM Re education Training Manual 2006).
該方法操作簡(jiǎn)單，但不能定量測(cè)試，誤差較大。
This method is simple to operate, but it can not be measured quantitatively, and the error is large.
（3）淀粉碘化鉀反應(yīng)法
(3) Starch potassium iodide reaction method
將淀粉處理后作為感光乳劑，涂抹在一面為玻璃的幻燈片上，放置于含有稀碘溶液的水槽中進(jìn)行超聲。在超聲空化的作用下，碘與淀粉反應(yīng)變藍(lán)，導(dǎo)致幻燈片變色，取出幻燈片沖洗、干燥，通過(guò)觀察變色的區(qū)域，用于推斷聲場(chǎng)的分布情況。
After starch treatment, it is used as a photosensitive emulsion, smeared on a glass slide, and placed in a water tank containing dilute iodine solution for ultrasound. Under the effect of ultrasonic cavitation, iodine reacts with starch to turn blue, causing discoloration of the slide. Take out the slide and wash and dry it. Observe the discolored area to infer the distribution of the sound field.

該方法可以彌補(bǔ)鋁箔腐蝕法中鋁箔破損的缺點(diǎn)，但也不能定量測(cè)試。
This method can make up for the defect of aluminum foil damage in aluminum foil corrosion method, but it can not be measured quantitatively.
（4）染色法
(4) Dyeing method
在水中配置染料（如亞甲基藍(lán)染料），將銅版紙放在水中超聲，在超聲空化的作用下，染料會(huì)附著在紙片上，取出紙片沖洗晾干，觀察紙片背景上的染料圖案，用于評(píng)價(jià)聲場(chǎng)的分布情況，如果涂料分布不均勻，說(shuō)明聲場(chǎng)不均勻，存在冷點(diǎn)等情況。
Dyes (such as methylene blue dye) are prepared in water. Coated paper is placed in water for ultrasonic treatment. Under the effect of ultrasonic cavitation, the dye will attach to the paper. The paper is taken out for washing and drying. The dye pattern on the paper background is observed to evaluate the distribution of the sound field. If the coating is uneven, the sound field is uneven, and there is a cold spot.
（5）超聲能量瓶測(cè)試
(5) Ultrasonic energy bottle test
SonoCheck超聲能量瓶可用于驗(yàn)證超聲波的空化能力，變色所需的時(shí)間與超聲波的空化能力成正比（美國(guó)IAHCSMM再教育培訓(xùn)手冊(cè) 2006）。根據(jù)水槽的容積，在不同位置進(jìn)行布點(diǎn)，放置能量瓶，觀察變色時(shí)間。
SonoCheck ultrasonic energy bottle can be used to verify the cavitation capacity of ultrasound, and the time required for color change is proportional to the cavitation capacity of ultrasound (American IAHCSMM Re education Training Manual 2006). According to the volume of the sink, arrange points at different positions, place the energy bottle, and observe the discoloration time.
該方法直觀、簡(jiǎn)單，但也是定性測(cè)量。
This method is intuitive and simple, but it is also qualitative measurement.
（6）超聲波能量分析儀
(6) Ultrasonic energy analyzer
直接插入溶液中，可以定量探測(cè)超聲波能量強(qiáng)度大小以及超聲波能量密度分布情況。
The ultrasonic energy intensity and the distribution of ultrasonic energy density can be detected quantitatively by directly inserting it into the solution.
在實(shí)際工作中，以上方法都可以作為科室自己的監(jiān)測(cè)手段，利弊皆有。超聲波清洗機(jī)只是清洗流程中的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，而我們的目標(biāo)是要保證清洗質(zhì)量，因此，對(duì)于流程的建立和優(yōu)化以及依從，也是必不可少的。
In practical work, the above methods can be used as the department's own monitoring means, with both advantages and disadvantages. The ultrasonic cleaning machine is only a part of the cleaning process, and our goal is to ensure the cleaning quality. Therefore, the establishment, optimization and compliance of the process are also essential.
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